The Republic of Kazakhstan is located between Central Asia and Europe, bordering Russia to the north, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan to the south and China to the east. The Caspian Sea and Aral Sea borders the land. Astana is the capital of Kazakhstan. It is 9th largest and the largest landlocked nation in the world. Kazakhstan is member of United Nations, NATO's Partnership for Peace, the Commonwealth of Independent States, and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.
HISTORY:- The Kazakhs people were migrated into the region in 13th century and evolved as the Kazakh Khanate. In the 17th century, the Kazakhs tribes fought with the western Mongol tribes. The Russian Empire began settling in Kazakhstan and Kazakhs-Russian conflict to reign over the land led to various uprising, the most important one in 1916. Kirgiz Autonomous Republic was emerged in the nation by the Soviet Union in 1920, which was again renamed as the Kazakh Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (Kazakh ASSR) in 1925. The Soviet’s forced civilization to settle on collective and state farms prompted social and political unrest in the late 1920s and early 1930s. Kazakhstan became a Soviet republic in 1936. Nuclear weapons testing by Soviet Union on the fertile land of Kazakhstan led to serious eco-biological issues in the nation. After the collapse of Soviet Union in 1991, Kazakhstan gained independence and it became a member of Commonwealth of Independent States along with the ten other former Soviet republics in the same year.
GEOGRAPHY:- Kazakhstan is located at 48 00 N, 68 00 E in Central Asia, spanning through total 2,717,300 sq km area in which 2,669,800 sq km area is covered by land and 47,500 sq km area is covered by internal water sources. Though Kazakhstan is recognized as the largest landlocked country in the world, the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea touch the country in the south and southwest. The lowest point is Vpadina Kaundy
(-132 m) and the highest point is Khan Tangiri Shyngy (6,995 m). The territory of the 9th largest country of the world spans from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in the Central Asia. Kazakhstan is mostly formed of hilly plains and plateaus.
(-132 m) and the highest point is Khan Tangiri Shyngy (6,995 m). The territory of the 9th largest country of the world spans from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in the Central Asia. Kazakhstan is mostly formed of hilly plains and plateaus.
CLIMATE:- The climate of Kazakhstan is mostly continental with cold winters and hot summers.
GOVERNMENT:- Kazakhstan is a republic which has presidential democracy. The present constitution was adopted in 1995. The legal system is based on the Islamic law and Roman law. The three major branches of the government are:
Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state), the Prime minister (head of government), Deputy Prime Ministers and cabinet. The President is elected by a popular vote on a 7-tear term. The President appoints the Prime minister and the deputy prime ministers and the cabinet ministers as well.
Legislative branch comprises the bicameral Parliament which is consisted of the Senate (47 seats) and the Mazhilis (107 seats).
Judicial branch comprises the Supreme Court and the Constitutional Council.
There are 10 registered political parties in Kazakhstan: Nur Otan, Azat, the National Social Democratic Party, Ak Zhol, Auyl, the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the Communist People's Party, Party of Patriots, Adilet, and Rukhaniyat. Suffrage is universal at the age of 18.
There are 10 registered political parties in Kazakhstan: Nur Otan, Azat, the National Social Democratic Party, Ak Zhol, Auyl, the Communist Party of Kazakhstan, the Communist People's Party, Party of Patriots, Adilet, and Rukhaniyat. Suffrage is universal at the age of 18.
President Nursultan Nazarbayev
Prime Minister Karim Masimov
Deputy Prime Minister Yerbol Orynbayev
Deputy Prime Minister Umirzak Shukeyev
Prime Minister Karim Masimov
Deputy Prime Minister Yerbol Orynbayev
Deputy Prime Minister Umirzak Shukeyev
ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Kazakhstan is divided into 14 provinces and 3 cities.
CULTURE:- Respect of the elders and hospitality to strangers are two main morals of the culture of Kazakhstan. Abai Kunanbaiuli, Al-Farabi, Mukhtar Auezov, Gabit Musrepov, Kanysh Satpayev, Mukhtar Shahanov, Saken Seifullin, Zhambyl Zhabaev are notable figures in science, art, and literature. Boxing, chess, kickboxing, skiing, gymnastics, water-polo, cycling, martial arts, heavy-athletics, horse-riding, tri-athlon, track-hurdles, sambo, greco-roman wrestling, billiards are the popular sports of the nation.
ECONOMY:- Agricultural sector is the largest castor of Kazakhstan. The growth of GDP is stable for the past 5 years- almost 9% a year and it’s planned to grow double in 2008 and triple in 2015.
GDP/PPP (2007): $161.5 billion; per capita $10,400.
Real growth rate: 8.7%.
Inflation: 10.8%.
Unemployment: 7.3%.
Arable land: 8%.
Agriculture: Grain (mostly spring wheat), cotton; livestock.
Labor force: 7.85 million; industry 30%, agriculture 20%, services 50% (2002 est.).
Budget:
Revenues: $23.58 billion
Expenditures: $25.33 billion (2007 est.)
Revenues: $23.58 billion
Expenditures: $25.33 billion (2007 est.)
Public debt: 7.7% of GDP (2007 est.)
Debt - external: $96.37 billion (31 December 2007)
Industries: Oil, coal, iron ore, manganese, chromite, lead, zinc, copper, titanium, bauxite, gold, silver, phosphates, sulfur, iron and steel; tractors and other agricultural machinery, electric motors, construction materials.
Natural resources: Major stocks of petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, manganese, chrome ore, nickel, cobalt, copper, molybdenum, lead, zinc, bauxite, gold, uranium.
Exports: $44.88 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): oil and oil products 58%, ferrous metals 24%, chemicals 5%, machinery 3%, grain, wool, meat, coal (2001).
Imports: $29.91 billion f.o.b. (2007 est.): machinery and equipment 41%, metal products 28%, foodstuffs 8% (2001).
Major trading partners: Russia, Bermuda, Germany, China, France, Italy, Ukraine (2004).
Monetary unit: Tenge
LANGUAGE:- Kazakh (64.4%) and Russian (95%) are the official languages of Kazakhstan (2001).
CITIES:- The capital of Kazakhstan is Astana. Largest city is Almaty and other large cities are Karaganda, Taraz, Pavlodar, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Aqtöbe and Shymkent.
POPULATION:- The estimated population of Kazakhstan is 15,284,929 which is 62nd largest in the world, with a growth rate of 0.4%.
Density per sq mi: 15
Literacy rate: 99% (1999 est.)
Density per sq mi: 15
Literacy rate: 99% (1999 est.)
RACE:-
Kazak (Qazaq) 53.4%
Russian 30%
Ukrainian 3.7%
Uzbek 2.5%
German 2.4%
Tatar 1.4%
Uygur 1.4%
Other 4.9% (1999)
Kazak (Qazaq) 53.4%
Russian 30%
Ukrainian 3.7%
Uzbek 2.5%
German 2.4%
Tatar 1.4%
Uygur 1.4%
Other 4.9% (1999)
RELIGION:-
Islam 47%
Russian Orthodox 44%
Protestant 2%
Other 7%
Islam 47%
Russian Orthodox 44%
Protestant 2%
Other 7%
HEALTH:-
Birth rate: 16.44 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 26.56 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 67.55 years
HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 306
Birth rate: 16.44 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Death rate: 9.39 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Infant mortality rate: total: 26.56 deaths/1,000 live births
Life expectancy at birth: total population: 67.55 years
HIV/AIDS - deaths: fewer than 200 (2003 est.)
Total expenditure on health per capita (Intl $, 2005): 306
UNICEF:- Parenting Initiative is being taking to improve early childhood development. UNICEF supports the National Programme on Improvement of Perinatal Care by providing training to the specialists and hiring the consultants. National Commission on Child Protection is established. To improve education system, various programmes are being undertaken. Awareness projects against HIV are also carried out in schools.
TRANSPORTATION:-
Railways: total: 13,601 km (2002).
Highways: total: 90,018 km; paved: 84 km; unpaved: 4,311 km (2004).
Waterways: 3,900 km on the Syrdariya (Syr Darya) and Ertis (Irtysh).
Ports and harbors: Aqtau, Atyrau, Oskemen, Pavlodar, Semey.
Airports: 97 (2007).
Railways: total: 13,601 km (2002).
Highways: total: 90,018 km; paved: 84 km; unpaved: 4,311 km (2004).
Waterways: 3,900 km on the Syrdariya (Syr Darya) and Ertis (Irtysh).
Ports and harbors: Aqtau, Atyrau, Oskemen, Pavlodar, Semey.
Airports: 97 (2007).
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